up:: [[Research Process]] tags:: #on/research # Well-Defined Problem Whether in research, design, or innovation, a well-defined problem frames the discussion at hand and provides a background for people to begin ideation. A well-defined problem has three components. 1. Problem Statement 2. Current Solutions (aka. Existing alternatives) 3. Pain Points, Ideal Solution Qualities See an example: [Cement Decarbonization – CO2 Free Intermediates | HeroX](https://www.herox.com/cementdecarbonization?from=explore) ##### Problem Statement A concise and clear description of an issue or challenge that needs to be addressed or solved. It serves as a foundational element in problem-solving and decision-making processes, helping to define the scope and purpose of a project or initiative ##### Current Solutions An overview of existing approaches or solutions to address the problem statement, as well as the limitations and draw-backs of the current solutions. ##### Pain Points Define a point-of-view that experiences the pain points caused by limitations of the current solutions, and list qualities of an ideal solution to frame the goals of the problem. This definition of a problem allows for good [[#Research Questions]] and [[#Design Problems]] to be formulated. --- ## Research Questions ##### Characteristics of a Good Research Question (Acronym: FINERMAPS): * **Feasible**: Realistically achievable within available resources. * **Interesting**: Engages both researcher and academic community. * **Novel**: Offers new insights or approaches. * **Ethical**: Complies with ethical standards and has necessary approvals. * **Relevant**: Pertinent to current issues and academic interests. * **Manageable**: Within the researcher's capacity to conduct. * **Appropriate**: Logically and scientifically sound. * **Potential** Value and Publishability: Can impact health policies and practices. * **Systematic**: Follows a structured approach with clear steps. ##### Pass the So-What Test To survive the "So What" question, problem statements should possess the following attributes: - **Clarity and precision** a well-written statement does not make sweeping generalizations and irresponsible pronouncements; it also does include unspecific determinates like "very" or "giant", - **Demonstrate a researchable** topic or issue i.e., feasibility of conducting the study is based upon access to information that can be effectively acquired, gathered, interpreted, synthesized, and understood, - **Identification of what would be studied**, while avoiding the use of value-laden words and terms, - **Identification of an overarching question** or small set of questions accompanied by key factors or variables, - **Identification of key concepts and terms**, - **Articulation of the study's conceptual boundaries** or parameters or limitations, - **Some generalizability in regards to applicability** and bringing results into general use, - **Conveyance of the study's importance**, benefits, and justification i.e., regardless of the type of research, it is important to demonstrate that the research is not trivial, - **Does not have unnecessary jargon** or overly complex sentence constructions; and, - **Conveyance of more than the mere gathering of descriptive data** providing only a snapshot of the issue or phenomenon under investigation. ## Design Problems ##### Characteristics of a Good Design Problem A well-defined design problem possesses several key characteristics that make it clear and manageable for designers. These characteristics help guide the design process and ensure that the resulting solution meets the desired goals and objectives. Here are some of the characteristics of a well-defined design problem: 1. **Clarity of Purpose**: The problem statement should clearly define the goals, objectives, and desired outcomes of the design project. It should answer the question of why the design is needed and what it aims to achieve. 2. **Specificity**: The problem statement should be specific and focused, providing detailed information about what needs to be addressed. Vague or ambiguous problem statements can lead to confusion and ineffective design solutions. 3. **Scope and Boundaries**: A well-defined problem should outline the scope of the design project and set clear boundaries. It should specify what is within the project's scope and what is outside of it to prevent scope creep. 4. **Target Audience**: Designers should have a clear understanding of the intended users or audience for the solution. Knowing who will use the design helps in tailoring the solution to their needs and preferences. 5. **Constraints**: Constraints such as budget limitations, time constraints, technical limitations, and regulatory requirements should be clearly defined. These constraints help designers work within realistic limitations. 6. **Research and Information**: Adequate research and information about the problem context, market, competitors, and user needs should be available to designers. Informed decisions are crucial for successful design solutions. 7. **Measurable Criteria**: Well-defined design problems should include measurable criteria for evaluating the success of the solution. These criteria could be related to usability, functionality, aesthetics, or other relevant factors. 8. **Stakeholder Involvement**: It's important to identify and involve key stakeholders in the design process. Their input and feedback can provide valuable insights and ensure that the design aligns with their expectations. 9. **Feasibility**: The problem statement should consider the feasibility of implementing the design solution. It should take into account available resources, technology, and skills required for execution. 10. **Iterative Nature**: Recognize that design is an iterative process, and the problem definition may evolve as the design progresses. Flexibility to adapt and refine the problem statement is important. 11. **Ethical Considerations**: Consider ethical and moral aspects related to the design problem, ensuring that the solution adheres to ethical principles and values. 12. **Environmental Impact**: Assess the potential environmental impact of the design solution and aim for sustainability where applicable. 13. **Documentation**: Document the problem statement and its characteristics thoroughly to ensure that all team members and stakeholders have a clear understanding of the problem. --- Sources: * [How to Frame Design Problem Statements | Toptal®](https://www.toptal.com/designers/product-design/design-problem-statement) * [Formulation of Research Question – Stepwise Approach - PMC](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6322175/) * [The Research Problem/Question - Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper - Research Guides at University of Southern California](https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/introduction/researchproblem)