up:: [[Instructional Design]] tags:: #source/article #on/learning #on/teaching source:: [Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle - Toronto Metropolitan University](https://www.torontomu.ca/experiential-learning/faculty-staff/kolbs-el-cycle/) # Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle David Kolb, a Social Psychologist and adult educator, introduced the Experiential Learning Theory in 1984, proposing that learning occurs through the transformation of experiences. According to Kolb, learning involves both grasping and transforming experiences. Grasping experience involves absorbing information during 'Concrete Experience' and 'Abstract Conceptualization' stages, while transforming experience involves interpreting and applying that information in 'Reflective Observation' and 'Active Experimentation' stages. The Experiential Learning model comprises four stages, emphasizing the iterative nature of learning and the importance of reflection and action in the learning process. In 2014, Kolb further expanded the theory by detailing the roles educators play within each stage, providing insights into how instructors can facilitate experiential learning effectively. ## Kolb’s 4-Stage Process |Stage|Definition| |---|---| |Concrete Experience (CE)|The educator is a facilitator. Immediate or concrete experiences occur, and they are the basis for observations and reflections.| |Reflective Observation (RO)|The educator is the subject matter expert, leading the reflection by making relevant texts and lectures available, creating space and a framework for systematic analysis through reflective practice.| |Abstract Conceptualization (AC)|Reflections are assimilated and distilled into abstract concepts from which new implications for action can be drawn. The teacher is the standard-setter and evaluator, helping learners master the application of knowledge and skill in order to meet performance requirements.| |Active Experimentation (AE)|These implications can be actively tested and guide learners in creating new experiences during AE. Here, the educator is a coach helping learners apply knowledge to achieve their goals in their learning context.| **Key Points:** - Experiential Learning Theory was developed by David Kolb in 1984. - Learning is viewed as a process of transforming experiences into knowledge. - The model consists of four stages: Concrete Experience, Abstract Conceptualization, Reflective Observation, and Active Experimentation. - Grasping and transforming experiences are integral to the learning process. - Educators play various roles in facilitating experiential learning within each stage. - Kolb's theory underscores the importance of reflection and action in learning. - His work has significant implications for educational practices and instructional design.